European Central Bank Press conference comparison — 7 March 2019 vs 25 July 2019

This European Central Bank press conference comparison covers 7 March 2019 and 25 July 2019. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The July 2019 meeting marks a decisive dovish pivot from the March stance, as the ECB opens the door to rate cuts and QE in response to persistently weak inflation and downside risks. This strongly signals that a comprehensive easing package, likely including a rate cut and tiering, is forthcoming at the September meeting unless data improves.

What changed

More dovish. The July 2019 meeting marks a decisive dovish pivot from the March stance, as the ECB opens the door to rate cuts and QE in response to persistently weak inflation and downside risks. This strongly signals that a comprehensive easing package, likely including a rate cut and tiering, is forthcoming at the September meeting unless data improves.

  • Inflation — More dovish. Inflation assessment remains persistently below target, with added emphasis on delayed convergence and eroding expectations.
  • Labour Market — Little changed. Labour market description unchanged: cost pressures building but pass-through slow.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Forward guidance explicitly adds 'lower' rates and extends horizon to first half of 2020; concrete easing measures under preparation.
  • Balance Sheet — More dovish. Shift from no QE discussion to explicit preparation of asset purchase options, signalling potential balance sheet expansion.

Key wording

we decided to keep the key ECB interest rates unchanged. We now expect them to remain at their present levels at least through the end of 2019, and in any case for as long as necessary to ensure the continued sustained convergence of inflation to levels that are below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.

rate path: Extends rate hike expectations to at least end-2019, reinforcing accommodative stance.

Moreover, underlying inflation continues to be muted.

inflation: Confirms persistent weakness in underlying price pressures, justifying stimulus.

The risks surrounding the euro area growth outlook are still tilted to the downside, on account of the persistence of uncertainties related to geopolitical factors, the threat of protectionism and vulnerabilities in emerging markets.

rate path: Downside risks acknowledged, signaling potential for further easing.

labour cost pressures have strengthened and broadened amid high levels of capacity utilisation and tightening labour markets.

labour market: Wage growth picking up but not yet translating into higher inflation; watch for pass-through.

We moved the calendar-based part of our forward guidance from September to December.

rate path: Extends the horizon for low rates, signalling accommodation for longer.

they were unanimous.

rate path: No dissent, indicating broad support for the package.

We expect them to remain at their present or lower levels at least through the first half of 2020, and in any case for as long as necessary to ensure the continued sustained convergence of inflation to our aim over the medium term.

rate path: Explicitly opens door to rate cuts before mid-2020.

On the inflation side, we basically saw inflation which is below our aim and we see projected inflation that says that convergence is further out in time

inflation: Inflation persistently below target; convergence delayed, justifying more accommodation.

The risks surrounding the euro area growth outlook remain tilted to the downside, reflecting the prolonged presence of uncertainties, related to geopolitical factors, the rising threat of protectionism, and vulnerabilities in emerging markets.

rate path: Downside risks signal vulnerability and necessity of accommodation.

While labour cost pressures have strengthened and broadened amid high levels of capacity utilisation and tightening labour markets, the pass-through of cost pressures to inflation is taking longer than previously anticipated.

labour market: Wage growth strong but not feeding into inflation – limits hawkishness.

The Governing Council also underlined the need for a highly accommodative stance of monetary policy for a prolonged period of time, as inflation rates, both realised and projected, have been persistently below levels that are in line with its aim. Accordingly, if the medium-term inflation outlook continues to fall short of our aim, the Governing Council is determined to act, in line with its commitment to symmetry in the inflation aim.

rate path: Strong commitment to act if inflation remains low.

Nuances were mostly, if not only, about what to do, whether we should have a package, what to do first among this list of instruments. Well, you know that some Council members have doubts about the two-tier system.

rate path: Reveals internal disagreement on policy sequencing and tiering, but no veto.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

7 March 2019 press conference · 25 July 2019 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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