European Central Bank Press conference comparison — 12 December 2019 vs 12 March 2020

This European Central Bank press conference comparison covers 12 December 2019 and 12 March 2020. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The ECB shifted from cautious accommodation to aggressive easing in response to the COVID-19 shock, with an unprecedented QE top-up and readiness to cut rates further. The next decision is likely to maintain or expand accommodation if conditions deteriorate.

What changed

More dovish. The ECB shifted from cautious accommodation to aggressive easing in response to the COVID-19 shock, with an unprecedented QE top-up and readiness to cut rates further. The next decision is likely to maintain or expand accommodation if conditions deteriorate.

  • Inflation — More hawkish. Prior passages stressed muted inflation and dissatisfaction, while current merely states a 1.6% forecast without expressing discontent, a less dovish tone.
  • Labour Market — Little changed. Both documents highlight resilient labour cost pressures but delayed pass-through to inflation; no material shift.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Guidance on rates maintained with explicit downside bias and open commitment to cut if needed, reinforced by unanimous package.
  • Balance Sheet — More dovish. Introduction of €120 billion QE envelope, flexible issuer limits, and commitment to combat fragmentation mark a massive expansion.

Key wording

Based on our regular economic and monetary analyses, we decided to keep the key ECB interest rates unchanged. We expect them to remain at their present or lower levels until we have seen the inflation outlook robustly converge to a level sufficiently close to, but below, 2% within our projection horizon, and such convergence has been consistently reflected in underlying inflation dynamics.

rate path: Rates unchanged but explicit guidance that they could be cut further (lower levels) until inflation converges, signalling prolonged accommodation.

The incoming data since the last Governing Council meeting in late October point to continued muted inflation pressures and weak euro area growth dynamics, although there are some initial signs of stabilisation in the growth slowdown and of a mild increase in underlying inflation in line with previous expectations.

inflation: Inflation remains muted, confirming the need for continued stimulus; the stabilisation signals are tentative and do not alter the dovish stance.

The risks surrounding the euro area growth outlook, related to geopolitical factors, rising protectionism and vulnerabilities in emerging markets, remain tilted to the downside, but have become somewhat less pronounced.

rate path: Downside risks persist but the 'somewhat less pronounced' wording suggests a slight improvement, reducing immediate urgency for more easing.

While labour cost pressures have strengthened amid tighter labour markets, the weaker growth momentum is delaying their pass-through to inflation.

labour market: Stronger labour cost pressures are not translating into inflation due to weak growth, meaning wage growth alone won't drive inflation up soon.

In view of the weakened economic outlook

rate path: Acknowledges economic weakness, implying need for accommodative policy

Is it satisfactory? It is certainly directionally good. But is it the aim that we pursue? No, indeed.

inflation: Dissatisfied with inflation forecast, suggests further easing may be needed

we decided to add a temporary envelope of additional net asset purchases of €120 billion until the end of the year, ensuring a strong contribution from the private sector purchase programmes.

rate path: Unprecedented QE top-up – sizeable and front-loaded support to counter coronavirus shock.

we still see inflation in 2022 at or about 1.6%, as will be published later on.

inflation: Inflation forecast below target but close, suggesting no immediate urgency for more easing.

the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) has been a major shock to the growth prospects of the global and euro area economies and has heightened market volatility.

rate path: Acknowledges coronavirus as a 'major shock' – justifies massive policy response and opens door to more.

While labour cost pressures have so far remained resilient amid tighter labour markets, the weaker growth momentum is delaying their pass-through to inflation.

labour market: Labour resilience noted but not translating to inflation, indicating muted underlying pressures.

The risks surrounding the euro area growth outlook are clearly on the downside.

rate path: Explicit downside risk language – strengthens case for further easing if conditions deteriorate.

The risks surrounding the euro area growth outlook are clearly on the downside. In addition to the previously identified risks related to geopolitical factors, rising protectionism and vulnerabilities in emerging markets, the spread of the coronavirus adds a new and substantial source of downside risk to the growth outlook.

rate path: Explicitly acknowledges increased downside risks, supporting expectations of further easing.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

12 December 2019 press conference · 12 March 2020 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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