European Central Bank Press conference comparison — 12 December 2019 vs 30 April 2020

This European Central Bank press conference comparison covers 12 December 2019 and 30 April 2020. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The ECB shifted from a cautiously accommodative posture to an aggressively expansionary stance, deploying new instruments and signaling unlimited flexibility to combat the severe pandemic-driven downturn. This signals that further easing measures, including potential rate cuts and expanded asset purchases, are likely if conditions deteriorate further.

What changed

More dovish. The ECB shifted from a cautiously accommodative posture to an aggressively expansionary stance, deploying new instruments and signaling unlimited flexibility to combat the severe pandemic-driven downturn. This signals that further easing measures, including potential rate cuts and expanded asset purchases, are likely if conditions deteriorate further.

  • Inflation — More dovish. Inflation outlook worsened significantly with declining actual and expected inflation, reinforcing the need for further accommodation.
  • Labour Market — More dovish. Labour market conditions deteriorated sharply from weak recovery to severe contraction, strengthening the case for stimulus.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Rate path shifted from conditional hold with potential for cuts to active easing with new instruments and a commitment to maintain accommodation until inflation converges robustly.
  • Balance Sheet — More dovish. Balance sheet stance turned more accommodative with expressed readiness to revise self-imposed limits and deploy unlimited flexibility in PEPP to combat fragmentation.

Key wording

Based on our regular economic and monetary analyses, we decided to keep the key ECB interest rates unchanged. We expect them to remain at their present or lower levels until we have seen the inflation outlook robustly converge to a level sufficiently close to, but below, 2% within our projection horizon, and such convergence has been consistently reflected in underlying inflation dynamics.

rate path: Rates unchanged but explicit guidance that they could be cut further (lower levels) until inflation converges, signalling prolonged accommodation.

The incoming data since the last Governing Council meeting in late October point to continued muted inflation pressures and weak euro area growth dynamics, although there are some initial signs of stabilisation in the growth slowdown and of a mild increase in underlying inflation in line with previous expectations.

inflation: Inflation remains muted, confirming the need for continued stimulus; the stabilisation signals are tentative and do not alter the dovish stance.

The risks surrounding the euro area growth outlook, related to geopolitical factors, rising protectionism and vulnerabilities in emerging markets, remain tilted to the downside, but have become somewhat less pronounced.

rate path: Downside risks persist but the 'somewhat less pronounced' wording suggests a slight improvement, reducing immediate urgency for more easing.

While labour cost pressures have strengthened amid tighter labour markets, the weaker growth momentum is delaying their pass-through to inflation.

labour market: Stronger labour cost pressures are not translating into inflation due to weak growth, meaning wage growth alone won't drive inflation up soon.

In view of the weakened economic outlook

rate path: Acknowledges economic weakness, implying need for accommodative policy

Is it satisfactory? It is certainly directionally good. But is it the aim that we pursue? No, indeed.

inflation: Dissatisfied with inflation forecast, suggests further easing may be needed

Accordingly, the Governing Council decided today to further ease the conditions on our targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTRO III).

rate path: TLTRO III rate cut by 50bp below deposit facility rate for banks meeting lending targets, directly easing credit conditions.

Inflation has declined as a result of the sharp fall in oil prices and slightly lower HICP inflation excluding energy and food.

inflation: Inflation declining due to oil collapse and weak core, reinforcing need for stimulus.

the severe risks to the monetary policy transmission mechanism and the outlook for the euro area posed by the coronavirus pandemic.

rate path: Acknowledges severe risks to transmission and outlook, justifying aggressive easing and flexibility.

Survey indicators for consumer and business sentiment have plunged, suggesting a sharp contraction in economic growth and a profound deterioration in labour market conditions.

labour market: Plunging sentiment points to sharp contraction and severe labour market deterioration, supporting accommodative stance.

Given the highly uncertain duration of the pandemic, the likely extent and duration of the imminent recession and the subsequent recovery are difficult to predict.

rate path: Highlights extreme uncertainty, supporting cautious policy stance.

Market-based indicators of longer-term inflation expectations have remained at depressed levels.

inflation: Depressed long-term expectations signal weak inflation outlook, reinforcing accommodative policy.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

12 December 2019 press conference · 30 April 2020 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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