European Central Bank Press conference comparison — 8 September 2022 vs 27 October 2022

This European Central Bank press conference comparison covers 8 September 2022 and 27 October 2022. Overall, the newer document was more hawkish. The ECB delivered another 75bp hike but tempered its forward guidance, shifting from explicit pre-commitment to data-dependence while acknowledging recession risks. This suggests the tightening cycle continues but at a potentially slower and more conditional pace, with balance sheet tools now actively deployed.

What changed

More hawkish. The ECB delivered another 75bp hike but tempered its forward guidance, shifting from explicit pre-commitment to data-dependence while acknowledging recession risks. This suggests the tightening cycle continues but at a potentially slower and more conditional pace, with balance sheet tools now actively deployed.

  • Inflation — Little changed. Inflation assessment remains hawkish with persistent above-target pressures, while a note on recession risk introduces a balancing element; no material shift in overall stance.
  • Labour Market — More hawkish. Prior emphasis on labor market slack is replaced by reference to strong labor conditions, representing a hawkish shift in the characterization of wage and employment dynamics.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Forward guidance has been softened from explicit multi-meeting hike commitments to a more data-dependent posture, with acknowledgment of downside growth risks, marking a dovish pivot relative to the prior document's aggressive guidance.
  • Balance Sheet — More hawkish. The introduction of TLTRO III rate adjustments and balance sheet normalization measures represents a new hawkish channel for tightening absent from the prior document.

Key wording

Based on our current assessment, over the next several meetings we expect to raise interest rates further to dampen demand and guard against the risk of a persistent upward shift in inflation expectations.

rate path: Explicit guidance for further hikes in coming meetings underpins tightening bias.

Our future policy rate decisions will continue to be data-dependent and follow a meeting-by-meeting approach.

rate path: Retains flexibility; reinforces meeting-by-meeting, not a fixed path.

Looking ahead, ECB staff have significantly revised up their inflation projections and inflation is now expected to average 8.1 per cent in 2022, 5.5 per cent in 2023 and 2.3 per cent in 2024.

inflation: Inflation forecasts raised sharply, staying above target through 2024, justifying further tightening.

The risks to the inflation outlook are primarily on the upside.

rate path: Upside risk to inflation reinforces case for aggressive rate hikes.

we raised the three key ECB interest rates by 75 basis points today, and expect to raise interest rates further, because inflation remains far too high and is likely to stay above our target for an extended period.

rate path: 75bp hike and strong forward guidance signal further tightening.

So it's a really dark downside scenario but it's one that concludes to a 2023 recession. But it is the downside scenario; it is not the baseline.

rate path: Acknowledges severe recession risk but downplays as non-baseline; keeps focus on inflation.

We took today’s decision, and expect to raise interest rates further, to ensure the timely return of inflation to our two per cent medium-term inflation target.

rate path: Explicit guidance that further rate hikes are coming.

today we have raised the three key ECB interest rates by 75 basis points, and expect to raise interest rates further, to ensure the timely return of inflation to our medium-term target.

rate path: Explicit rate hike and forward guidance for further hikes.

Inflation remains far too high and will stay above our target for an extended period.

inflation: Reinforces urgency for tightening; inflation is persistent.

We are very much and deliberately turning our back to forward guidance, which is not helpful in the current circumstances given the level of uncertainty that we have pretty much all around.

rate path: Shift away from forward guidance, indicating data-dependent approach with uncertainty.

We are not done yet. There is more ground to cover

rate path: Signal that rate hikes are not finished; further tightening ahead.

We have made progress on that normalisation path, but that we still have ground to cover, okay? As we have made that progress, I am also telling you that the ultimate destination that we want to reach is the rate that will deliver the 2% inflation target in the medium term. That rate, by the way, is not necessarily the rate at which we will have considered that normalisation is completed. It may well have to go beyond that, but what I am also telling you is that we are going to decide meeting-by-meeting on the basis of data and using the three categories of considerations that I have mentioned. So it might well be several meetings.

rate path: Signals further hikes, possibly above neutral, with data-dependent pace; 'several meetings' implies multiple increases.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

8 September 2022 press conference · 27 October 2022 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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