European Central Bank Press conference comparison — 2 February 2023 vs 4 May 2023

This European Central Bank press conference comparison covers 2 February 2023 and 4 May 2023. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The ECB delivered a smaller 25bp hike in May 2023 compared to the prior 50bp hike with a pre-announced 50bp for March, marking a dovish shift in pace even as rhetoric on further tightening remains hawkish. The next decision likely to deliver another 25bp hike or pause depending on incoming data, with rates set to remain restrictive for an extended period.

What changed

More dovish. The ECB delivered a smaller 25bp hike in May 2023 compared to the prior 50bp hike with a pre-announced 50bp for March, marking a dovish shift in pace even as rhetoric on further tightening remains hawkish. The next decision likely to deliver another 25bp hike or pause depending on incoming data, with rates set to remain restrictive for an extended period.

  • Inflation — Little changed. Inflation assessment remains hawkish with continued emphasis on underlying pressures and upside risks, but no material escalation in rhetoric.
  • Labour Market — Little changed. Labour market characterisation remains tight with new historical low unemployment and wage pressure warnings, consistent with prior tone.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. The pace of tightening slows from pre-announced 50bp to actual 25bp, and the forward guidance becomes less explicit on near-term action, though still hawkish on ultimate destination.
  • Balance Sheet — Little changed. Quantitative tightening pace unchanged at around €25bn/month, with no new signals on balance sheet policy.

Key wording

Accordingly, the Governing Council today decided to raise the three key ECB interest rates by 50 basis points and we expect to raise them further.

rate path: Explicit rate hike decision and signal of more hikes

In view of the underlying inflation pressures, we intend to raise interest rates by another 50 basis points at our next monetary policy meeting in March and we will then evaluate the subsequent path of our monetary policy.

rate path: Pre-announced 50bp March hike with conditional future path

Keeping interest rates at restrictive levels will over time reduce inflation by dampening demand and will also guard against the risk of a persistent upward shift in inflation expectations.

rate path: Emphasis on staying restrictive to anchor inflation expectations

The unemployment rate remained at its historical low of 6.6 per cent in December 2022.

labour market: Tight labour market may sustain wage pressures, but statement is factual

Price pressures remain strong, partly because high energy costs are spreading throughout the economy.

inflation: High and broadening inflation pressures support further tightening

we today decided to raise the three key ECB interest rates by 50 basis points and we expect to raise them further.

rate path: Confirms 50bp hike and signals further hikes, reinforcing tightening bias.

the Governing Council today decided to raise the three key ECB interest rates by 25 basis points.

rate path: Rate hike confirms tightening stance.

At the same time, our past rate increases are being transmitted forcefully to euro area financing and monetary conditions, while the lags and strength of transmission to the real economy remain uncertain.

rate path: Acknowledges transmission is working but uncertainty on real economy impact moderates pace.

Our future decisions will ensure that the policy rates will be brought to levels sufficiently restrictive to achieve a timely return of inflation to our two per cent medium-term target and will be kept at those levels for as long as necessary.

rate path: Signals further hikes and prolonged high rates.

the unemployment rate falling to a new historical low of 6.5 per cent in March.

labour market: Tight labor market fuels wage pressures.

The inflation outlook continues to be too high for too long.

inflation: Underlines urgency to tighten policy.

we are not pausing. Under the present circumstances and based on what we have, which is the baseline of March, we know that we have more ground to cover.

rate path: Reinforces that rate hikes will continue, no pause.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

2 February 2023 press conference · 4 May 2023 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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