European Central Bank Press conference comparison — 27 July 2023 vs 26 October 2023

This European Central Bank press conference comparison covers 27 July 2023 and 26 October 2023. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The ECB pivoted from hiking to holding, acknowledging disinflation progress and labour market softening while reinforcing that rates will stay high for a sufficiently long duration. The next decision is likely a continued hold, with data dependence and no imminent cuts.

What changed

More dovish. The ECB pivoted from hiking to holding, acknowledging disinflation progress and labour market softening while reinforcing that rates will stay high for a sufficiently long duration. The next decision is likely a continued hold, with data dependence and no imminent cuts.

  • Inflation — Little changed. Both documents emphasise persistent inflation above target, but current adds explicit acknowledgment of a marked drop and easing underlying measures, tempering the prior hawkish tone.
  • Labour Market — More dovish. Current introduces labour market discussion noting a historical low unemployment but signs of weakening, indicating a new area of concern absent in prior.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Decision shifts from a 25bp hike to a hold, with new forward guidance that current rates are sufficient if maintained for long, signalling the tightening cycle has paused.
  • Balance Sheet — Little changed. Both documents highlight strong transmission and financial stability risks; no material change in assessment.

Key wording

Inflation continues to decline but is still expected to remain too high for too long.

inflation: Emphasizes persistence of inflation above target, supporting need for continued policy action.

The Governing Council therefore today decided to raise the three key ECB interest rates by 25 basis points.

rate path: Confirms a rate hike, signaling continued tightening.

Our future decisions will ensure that the key ECB interest rates will be set at sufficiently restrictive levels for as long as necessary to achieve a timely return of inflation to our two per cent medium-term target.

rate path: Signals rates will stay high for an extended period, reinforcing restrictive stance.

Our future decisions will ensure that the key ECB interest rates will be set at sufficiently restrictive levels for as long as necessary to achieve a timely return of inflation to our two per cent medium-term target. We will continue to follow a data-dependent approach to determining the appropriate level and duration of restriction.

rate path: Data-dependent guidance leaves September open.

Upside risks to inflation include potential renewed upward pressures on the costs of energy and food, also related to Russia's unilateral withdrawal from the Black Sea Grain Initiative.

inflation: Highlights specific upside risks to inflation, suggesting further tightening may be needed.

we might hike and we might hold, and what is decided in September is not definitive.

rate path: Explicitly open to either hike or hold next meeting.

Inflation is still expected to stay too high for too long, and domestic price pressures remain strong.

inflation: Emphasises persistent inflation; supports case for keeping rates restrictive.

The Governing Council today decided to keep the three key ECB interest rates unchanged.

rate path: Hold decision as widely expected; no surprise.

Based on our current assessment, we consider that the key ECB interest rates are at levels that, maintained for a sufficiently long duration, will make a substantial contribution to this goal.

rate path: Signals rates have peaked and need to stay high; rates investors should expect no cuts soon.

Based on our current assessment, we consider that rates are at levels that, maintained for a sufficiently long duration, will make a substantial contribution to the timely return of inflation to our target.

rate path: Signals rates will stay high for 'sufficiently long' to bring down inflation.

Upside risks to inflation could come from higher energy and food costs.

inflation: Highlights upside risks from geopolitical tensions; could delay rate cuts.

Even having a discussion on a cut is totally premature.

rate path: Explicitly dismisses any discussion of rate cuts as premature.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

27 July 2023 press conference · 26 October 2023 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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