European Central Bank Statement comparison — 14 September 2023 vs 26 October 2023

This European Central Bank statement comparison covers 14 September 2023 and 26 October 2023. Overall, the newer document was mixed. The ECB paused its hiking cycle but delivered a hawkish hold, replacing the prior's hike-and-peak posture with an explicit commitment to maintain restrictive rates. This signals that despite acknowledging some disinflation progress, the Council remains vigilant and will not cut rates in the near term.

What changed

Mixed. The ECB paused its hiking cycle but delivered a hawkish hold, replacing the prior's hike-and-peak posture with an explicit commitment to maintain restrictive rates. This signals that despite acknowledging some disinflation progress, the Council remains vigilant and will not cut rates in the near term.

  • Inflation — More dovish. Current document acknowledges inflation dropping markedly and underlying easing, softening the prior's unambiguously hawkish inflation rhetoric.
  • Labour Market — Little changed. No labour market passages in either document; no shift.
  • Rate Path — More hawkish. Prior rate hike with peak-signalling forward guidance replaced by a pause with explicitly hawkish forward guidance committing to keep rates restrictive for long.
  • Balance Sheet — Little changed. No balance sheet passages in either document; no shift.

Key wording

Inflation continues to decline but is still expected to remain too high for too long.

inflation: Justifies the hike and hawkish stance; inflation still problematic.

the Governing Council today decided to raise the three key ECB interest rates by 25 basis points.

rate path: Confirms the rate hike, the main policy action.

The September ECB staff macroeconomic projections for the euro area see average inflation at 5.6% in 2023, 3.2% in 2024 and 2.1% in 2025. This is an upward revision for 2023 and 2024 and a downward revision for 2025.

inflation: Inflation forecasts revised up for near term, delaying return to target.

Underlying price pressures remain high, even though most indicators have started to ease.

inflation: Core inflation still elevated, keeping pressure on ECB.

With the increasing impact of this tightening on domestic demand and the weakening international trade environment, ECB staff have lowered their economic growth projections significantly.

rate path: Growth downgrade highlights trade-off between inflation and recession risk.

Based on its current assessment, the Governing Council considers that the key ECB interest rates have reached levels that, maintained for a sufficiently long duration, will make a substantial contribution to the timely return of inflation to the target.

rate path: Signals rates may be at peak, but no cut in sight; duration matters.

Inflation is still expected to stay too high for too long, and domestic price pressures remain strong.

inflation: Highlights persistent inflation, supporting the hawkish stance.

The Governing Council today decided to keep the three key ECB interest rates unchanged.

rate path: Confirms the market expectation of a pause.

inflation dropped markedly in September, including due to strong base effects, and most measures of underlying inflation have continued to ease.

inflation: Indicates progress on inflation, softening the overall hawkish tone.

The Governing Council stands ready to adjust all of its instruments within its mandate to ensure that inflation returns to its 2% target over the medium term and to preserve the smooth functioning of monetary policy transmission.

rate path: Standard flexibility language, no new risk assessment.

Based on its current assessment, the Governing Council considers that the key ECB interest rates are at levels that, maintained for a sufficiently long duration, will make a substantial contribution to this goal.

rate path: Signals that rates will stay high for an extended period, no early cuts.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

14 September 2023 statement · 26 October 2023 statement · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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