Federal Reserve Press conference comparison — 16 June 2021 vs 22 September 2021

This Federal Reserve press conference comparison covers 16 June 2021 and 22 September 2021. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The September 2022 statement marks a dovish pivot on the rate path while acknowledging inflation progress sufficient to begin tapering. The Fed signals it will start reducing asset purchases soon but strongly pushes back against expectations of early rate hikes, committing to keep policy accommodative until the dual mandate is achieved.

What changed

More dovish. The September 2022 statement marks a dovish pivot on the rate path while acknowledging inflation progress sufficient to begin tapering. The Fed signals it will start reducing asset purchases soon but strongly pushes back against expectations of early rate hikes, committing to keep policy accommodative until the dual mandate is achieved.

  • Inflation — More hawkish. Inflation assessments shifted from purely neutral to include hawkish elements: the committee now sees inflation as having met the taper criterion and opens the door to earlier liftoff if inflation persists.
  • Labour Market — Little changed. Labour market language remains dovish as both documents highlight slack and pandemic-related weakness, though the current adds a hawkish note that the employment test is nearly met; overall no directional shift.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. The rate path shifted dovish as the committee emphasized that liftoff is well after tapering begins, pushed back against market pricing of earlier hikes, and reiterated accommodation until goals are met.
  • Balance Sheet — More dovish. Balance sheet language emerged with dovish elements: highlighting downside risks from debt ceiling and delaying normalization discussion, indicating no imminent tightening of financial conditions.

Key wording

At the Federal Open Market Committee kept interest rates near zero and maintained our asset purchases.

rate path: No change in policy stance, as expected.

the median projection for the appropriate level of the federal funds rate now lies above the effective lower bound in 2023.

rate path: First time dot plot shows liftoff in 2023; signals earlier tightening than previously anticipated.

many participants forecast that these favorable economic conditions will be met somewhat sooner than previously projected;

rate path: Reinforces earlier-than-expected progress toward rate hike conditions.

we continue to expect that it will be appropriate to maintain the current 0 to ¼ percent target range for the federal funds rate until labor market conditions have reached levels consistent with the Committee’s assessment of maximum employment and inflation has risen to 2 percent and is on track to moderately exceed 2 percent for some time.

rate path: Repeats unchanged forward guidance; conditions-based.

Inflation has increased notably in recent months. The 12-month change in PCE prices was 3.6 percent in April and will likely remain elevated in coming months before moderating.

inflation: Acknowledges high inflation but reiterates transitory view.

raising the possibility that inflation could turn out to be higher and more persistent than we expect.

rate path: Opens door to upside inflation risk; markets may price faster tapering.

the Federal Open Market Committee kept interest rates near zero and maintained our current pace of asset purchases.

rate path: No change in rates or purchases, maintaining accommodative stance.

The path of the economy continues to depend on the course of the virus, and risks to the economic outlook remain.

rate path: Pandemic uncertainty persists, posing downside risks.

If progress continues broadly as expected, the Committee judges that a moderation in the pace of asset purchases may soon be warranted.

rate path: Signals taper could start soon, conditional on continued progress.

policy will remain accommodative until we have achieved our maximum-employment and price-stability goals.

rate path: Reinforces commitment to accommodation until dual mandate met, delaying rate liftoff.

Inflation is elevated and will likely remain so in coming months before moderating.

inflation: Acknowledges high inflation but expects it to be transitory.

the test for liftoff is more stringent than the test for tapering

rate path: Separates taper from rate hikes; rates will remain low even after taper begins.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

16 June 2021 press conference · 22 September 2021 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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