Federal Reserve Press conference comparison — 2 November 2022 vs 1 February 2023

This Federal Reserve press conference comparison covers 2 November 2022 and 1 February 2023. Overall, the newer document was mixed. The FOMC maintained its hawkish stance on rates despite slowing the pace to 25bp, explicitly ruling out cuts in 2023 and emphasizing further tightening. The next decision is likely another 25bp hike unless inflation data softens significantly.

What changed

Mixed. The FOMC maintained its hawkish stance on rates despite slowing the pace to 25bp, explicitly ruling out cuts in 2023 and emphasizing further tightening. The next decision is likely another 25bp hike unless inflation data softens significantly.

  • Inflation — More dovish. The prior document described inflation as persistently above target with upside surprises, while the current acknowledges disinflation progress and anchored expectations, despite lingering concerns on core services.
  • Labour Market — Little changed. Both documents describe the labour market as extremely tight with near-identical language, indicating no material shift in characterization.
  • Rate Path — More hawkish. The prior document signalled a potential slowdown in pace, while the current explicitly rules out rate cuts in 2023 and reaffirms a higher-for-longer stance, amounting to a net hawkish shift.
  • Balance Sheet — Little changed. No balance sheet passages in either document; no shift detected.

Key wording

Today, the FOMC raised our policy interest rate by 75 basis points. And we continue to anticipate that ongoing increases will be appropriate.

rate path: Confirms another 75bp hike and signals more hikes to come.

Even so, we still have some ways to go, and incoming data since our last meeting suggest that the ultimate level of interest rates will be higher than previously expected.

rate path: Implies terminal rate above prior estimates, shifting rate expectations higher.

At some point—as I’ve said in the last two press conferences—it will become appropriate to slow the pace of increases as we approach the level of interest rates that will be sufficiently restrictive to bring inflation down to our 2 percent goal.

rate path: Opens the door to a downshift in pace, but conditionally.

The historical record cautions strongly against prematurely loosening policy. We will stay the course until the job is done.

rate path: Risk management leans against cutting rates too soon; commitment to restrictive stance.

Inflation remains well above our longer-run goal of 2 percent. ... And the recent inflation data again have come in higher than expected.

inflation: Inflation is persistent and surprising to the upside, reinforcing need for tighter policy.

Despite the slowdown in growth, the labor market remains extremely tight, with the unemployment rate at a 50-year low, job vacancies still very high, and wage growth elevated.

labour market: Labor market strength supports continued tightening to cool demand and wage pressures.

Today, the FOMC raised our policy interest rate by 25 basis points.

rate path: The actual policy decision: a 25 bp hike.

We continue to anticipate that ongoing increases will be appropriate in order to attain a stance of monetary policy that is sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2 percent over time.

rate path: Signals further rate hikes ahead.

And it is our judgment that we’re not yet at a sufficiently restrictive policy stance, which is why we say that we expect ongoing hikes will be appropriate.

rate path: Reaffirms need for further rate increases; explicit commitment to ongoing hikes.

If we come to the view that we need to write down to, you know, to move rates up beyond what we said in December, we would certainly do that.

rate path: Open to higher terminal rate depending on data; keeps upside risk in rate path.

The inflation data received over the past three months show a welcome reduction in the monthly pace of increases. And, while recent developments are encouraging, we will need substantially more evidence to be confident that inflation is on a sustained downward path.

inflation: Acknowledges disinflation progress but demands more evidence, tempering optimism.

The labor market remains extremely tight, with the unemployment rate at a 50-year low, job vacancies still very high, and wage growth elevated.

labour market: Tight labor market adds to inflation pressure, supporting further tightening.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

2 November 2022 press conference · 1 February 2023 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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