Federal Reserve Press conference comparison — 1 February 2023 vs 3 May 2023

This Federal Reserve press conference comparison covers 1 February 2023 and 3 May 2023. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The May 2023 statement marks a dovish pivot: the FOMC raised rates 25bp as expected but softened forward guidance by removing the 'anticipates' language and signaling the hiking cycle is nearing its end. The next meeting is live for a pause, with further action dependent on incoming data.

What changed

More dovish. The May 2023 statement marks a dovish pivot: the FOMC raised rates 25bp as expected but softened forward guidance by removing the 'anticipates' language and signaling the hiking cycle is nearing its end. The next meeting is live for a pause, with further action dependent on incoming data.

  • Inflation — Little changed. Both documents acknowledge inflation has moderated but remains high and requires more progress; the overall stance is unchanged.
  • Labour Market — More dovish. The labour market description softened from 'extremely tight' with multiple indicators to 'very tight' and added a comment that a recession is less likely, suggesting reduced urgency for tightening.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Forward guidance shifted from 'ongoing increases appropriate' to a data-dependent approach that opened the door to a pause, removed the 'anticipates' language, and signalled the cycle is near its end.
  • Balance Sheet — More dovish. The resolution of First Republic was cited as reducing systemic risk, and risks are now more balanced, lowering the financial stability impetus for hawkish policy.

Key wording

Today, the FOMC raised our policy interest rate by 25 basis points.

rate path: Explicit rate hike decision; expected but confirms tightening continues.

We continue to anticipate that ongoing increases will be appropriate in order to attain a stance of monetary policy that is sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2 percent over time.

rate path: Strong signal that more hikes are coming; no pause yet.

The labor market remains extremely tight, with the unemployment rate at a 50-year low, job vacancies still very high, and wage growth elevated.

labour market: Tight labor market adds upward pressure on inflation, justifying further tightening.

The inflation data received over the past three months show a welcome reduction in the monthly pace of increases. And, while recent developments are encouraging, we will need substantially more evidence to be confident that inflation is on a sustained downward path.

inflation: Acknowledges improvement but demands more proof; conditions continued tightening.

The historical record cautions strongly against prematurely loosening policy. We will stay the course, until the job is done.

rate path: Explicit warning against rate cuts; commitment to keep rates high.

In light of the cumulative tightening of monetary policy and the lags with which monetary policy affects economic activity and inflation, the Committee decided to raise interest rates by 25 basis points today, continuing the step-down from last year’s rapid pace of increases. Shifting to a slower pace will better allow the Committee to assess the economy’s progress toward our goals as we determine the extent of future increases that will be required to attain a sufficiently restrictive stance.

rate path: Explains downshift to 25bp; keeps door open for further hikes based on data.

Today, the FOMC raised its policy interest rate by ¼ percentage point.

rate path: Rate hike of 25bp, in line with expectations.

Looking ahead, we will take a data-dependent approach in determining the extent to which additional policy firming may be appropriate.

rate path: Opens door to a pause; no pre-commitment.

The labor market remains very tight.

labour market: Tight labor market adds to inflationary pressure, reinforcing bias toward tightening.

Inflation has moderated somewhat since the middle of last year. Nonetheless, inflation pressures continue to run high, and the process of getting inflation back down to 2 percent has a long way to go.

inflation: Acknowledges progress but stresses persistence, supporting cautious stance.

We are prepared to do more if greater monetary policy restraint is warranted.

rate path: Keeps further hikes on the table if needed.

today our decision was to raise the federal funds rate by 25 basis points.

rate path: Rate hike confirms continued tightening cycle.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

1 February 2023 press conference · 3 May 2023 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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