Federal Reserve Press conference comparison — 3 May 2023 vs 26 July 2023

This Federal Reserve press conference comparison covers 3 May 2023 and 26 July 2023. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The July 2023 statement reinforces the rate hike but introduces more balanced language on inflation progress and labor market softening, while explicitly mentioning rate cuts next year for the first time. This suggests the Fed is moving toward a peak rate mindset, with the next decision hinging on data but leaning slightly more dovish than the prior meeting.

What changed

More dovish. The July 2023 statement reinforces the rate hike but introduces more balanced language on inflation progress and labor market softening, while explicitly mentioning rate cuts next year for the first time. This suggests the Fed is moving toward a peak rate mindset, with the next decision hinging on data but leaning slightly more dovish than the prior meeting.

  • Inflation — Little changed. Inflation remains elevated with a long way to go, but acknowledgment of moderation since mid-2023 slightly softens the hawkish tone.
  • Labour Market — More dovish. Prior characterization of very tight labor market with strong job gains shifts to expectation of some softening, a notable dovish rhetorical shift.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Retains data-dependent approach but adds explicit discussion of potential rate cuts next year and soft landing confidence, opening the door to eventual easing.
  • Balance Sheet — Little changed. Balance sheet reduction continues at brisk pace as previously communicated; no material change in stance.

Key wording

Today, the FOMC raised its policy interest rate by ¼ percentage point.

rate path: Confirms the rate hike decision.

Looking ahead, we will take a data-dependent approach in determining the extent to which additional policy firming may be appropriate.

rate path: Opens the door to a pause; key phrase for future path.

Nonetheless, inflation pressures continue to run high, and the process of getting inflation back down to 2 percent has a long way to go.

inflation: Highlights persistent inflation, downplays recent moderation.

The labor market remains very tight. Over the first three months of the year, job gains averaged 345,000 jobs per month.

labour market: Strong job gains signal labor market resilience, supporting further tightening.

But the strains that emerged in the banking sector in early March appear to be resulting in even tighter credit conditions for households and businesses. In turn, these tighter credit conditions are likely to weigh on economic activity, hiring, and inflation.

rate path: Acknowledges credit tightening as a headwind, potentially reducing need for rate hikes.

We are prepared to do more if greater monetary policy restraint is warranted.

rate path: Keeps optionality for further hikes, signaling hawkish bias.

Today we took another step by raising our policy interest rate ¼ percentage point, and we are continuing to reduce our securities holdings at a brisk pace.

rate path: Confirms 25bp hike and ongoing balance sheet reduction.

Looking ahead, we will continue to take a data-dependent approach in determining the extent of additional policy firming that may be appropriate.

rate path: Reaffirms data-dependent stance, no pre-commitment on next move.

Inflation has moderated somewhat since the middle of last year. Nonetheless, the process of getting inflation back down to 2 percent has a long way to go.

inflation: Acknowledges moderation but stresses inflation remains too high, signaling further tightening possible.

the historical record—we have to be honest about the historical record, which does suggest that when central banks go in and slow the economy to bring down inflation, the result tends to be some softening in labor market conditions. And so that is still the, the likely outcome here.

labour market: Acknowledges likely labour market softening as cost of disinflation, validating market concerns.

It will take time, however, for the full effects of our ongoing monetary restraint to be realized, especially on inflation.

rate path: Highlights lagged effects, reducing urgency for additional hikes.

I would say it is certainly possible that we would raise funds again at the September meeting if the data warrant it, and I would also say it’s possible that we would choose to hold steady at that meeting. We’re going to be making careful assessments, as I said, meeting by meeting

rate path: Open-ended forward guidance leaves both hike and hold on table for September, key for near-term rate expectations.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

3 May 2023 press conference · 26 July 2023 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

The Cadence Brief

The one number that moved central bank pricing — delivered each weekday morning.

Free. One email a day. Unsubscribe anytime.