Federal Reserve Press conference comparison — 14 June 2023 vs 20 September 2023

This Federal Reserve press conference comparison covers 14 June 2023 and 20 September 2023. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. The September statement holds rates steady but the overall tone shifts from the prior's clear hawkish bias to a more balanced, data-dependent posture, with labour market rebalancing acknowledged and forward guidance tempered by caution. The next decision is likely a hold, with a possible hike contingent on incoming data, but the bar for tightening has risen.

What changed

More dovish. The September statement holds rates steady but the overall tone shifts from the prior's clear hawkish bias to a more balanced, data-dependent posture, with labour market rebalancing acknowledged and forward guidance tempered by caution. The next decision is likely a hold, with a possible hike contingent on incoming data, but the bar for tightening has risen.

  • Inflation — Little changed. Both documents emphasize that inflation remains high and disinflation has a long way to go; the current adds a caution about needing more than three favorable readings, but no material shift in stance.
  • Labour Market — More dovish. Prior described the labor market as 'very tight'; current softens to 'tight but coming into better balance,' indicating a modest cooling in rhetoric.
  • Rate Path — More dovish. Prior had near-unanimous expectation of further hikes; current shows a majority still expecting one more hike but with increased emphasis on caution, data dependence, and a two-sided risk outlook.
  • Balance Sheet — Little changed. Both statements reaffirm the ongoing reduction of securities holdings with identical language; no change in balance sheet policy.

Key wording

today we decided to leave our policy interest rate unchanged and to continue to reduce our securities holdings.

rate path: The decision to skip a hike despite prior tightening streak; a hawkish hold.

nearly all Committee participants view it as likely that some further rate increases will be appropriate this year to bring inflation down to 2 percent over time.

rate path: Explicit signal that more hikes are coming, contradicting market hopes for a pause.

Inflation has moderated somewhat since the middle of last year. Nonetheless, inflation pressures continue to run high, and the process of getting inflation back down to 2 percent has a long way to go.

inflation: Underlines that inflation is still too high and disinflation is incomplete.

the median participant projects that the appropriate level of the federal funds rate will be 5.6 percent at the end of this year

rate path: Median dot moved up 50bp from March, implying roughly two more quarter-point hikes.

we judged it prudent to hold the target range steady to allow the Committee to assess additional information and its implications for monetary policy.

rate path: Justification for the skip: to gather more data, not a shift in bias.

The labor market remains very tight.

labour market: Confirms persistent strength in jobs, adding to inflation pressures.

Today, we decided to leave our policy interest rate unchanged and to continue to reduce our securities holdings.

rate path: Pause in rate hikes, but ongoing balance sheet reduction maintains tightening bias.

If the economy evolves as projected, the median participant projects that the appropriate level of the federal funds rate will be 5.6 percent at the end of this year, 5.1 percent at the end of 2024, and 3.9 percent at the end of 2025.

rate path: SEP shows higher for longer: 2024 median up 50bp from June, signaling fewer cuts.

Nevertheless, the progress—process of getting inflation sustainably down to 2 percent has a long way to go.

inflation: Powell emphasizes inflation still far from target, justifying tight policy.

We’re prepared to raise rates further if appropriate, and we intend to hold policy at a restrictive level until we’re confident that inflation is moving down sustainably toward our objective.

rate path: Hike risk remains alive; restrictive stance will persist until inflation convincingly falls.

We decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate where it is—at 5¼ to 5½ percent—while continuing to reduce our securities holdings.

rate path: No rate change this meeting; balance sheet reduction continues.

The labor market remains tight, but supply and demand conditions continue to come into better balance.

labour market: Labor market still tight but rebalancing; no imminent loosening pressure.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

14 June 2023 press conference · 20 September 2023 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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