Federal Reserve Press conference comparison — 26 July 2023 vs 1 November 2023

This Federal Reserve press conference comparison covers 26 July 2023 and 1 November 2023. Overall, the newer document was more dovish. Overall, the November meeting marks a pause in the hiking cycle with a dovish tilt on inflation and labour market assessments, but the committee maintains a hawkish bias on rate_path by keeping further tightening options open. The next decision will depend on incoming data, particularly inflation and labour market conditions, with a possible end to hikes if progress continues.

What changed

More dovish. Overall, the November meeting marks a pause in the hiking cycle with a dovish tilt on inflation and labour market assessments, but the committee maintains a hawkish bias on rate_path by keeping further tightening options open. The next decision will depend on incoming data, particularly inflation and labour market conditions, with a possible end to hikes if progress continues.

  • Inflation — More dovish. Prior emphasized inflation has a long way to go, while current acknowledges progress but remains cautious; overall tone softens slightly with mentions of anchored expectations and supply-side improvements.
  • Labour Market — More dovish. Prior described a tight but gradually cooling labor market; current highlights rebalancing and easing wage pressures, while still noting tightness.
  • Rate Path — Little changed. Prior confirmed a rate hike and maintained a data-dependent approach with no preset path; current holds rates but keeps the door open to further hikes, while also acknowledging nearing the end of the cycle.
  • Balance Sheet — More dovish. Prior characterized balance sheet reduction as ongoing at a brisk pace; current confirms no change in the pace and notes tighter financial conditions, reducing the need for further tightening.

Key wording

Today we took another step by raising our policy interest rate ¼ percentage point, and we are continuing to reduce our securities holdings at a brisk pace.

rate path: Rate hike confirms continued tightening; balance sheet reduction also ongoing.

We will continue to take a data-dependent approach in determining the extent of additional policy firming that may be appropriate.

rate path: No pre-commitment to further hikes; future actions depend on data.

Inflation has moderated somewhat since the middle of last year. Nonetheless, the process of getting inflation back down to 2 percent has a long way to go.

inflation: Acknowledges progress but stresses inflation remains too high.

The labor market remains very tight. Over the past three months, job gains averaged 244,000 jobs per month, a pace below that seen earlier in the year but still a strong pace. The unemployment rate remains low at 3.6 percent.

labour market: Labor market strong but gradually cooling; supports case for pause if trend continues.

Reducing inflation is likely to require a period of below-trend growth and some softening of labor market conditions.

rate path: Signals willingness to accept economic pain to bring down inflation.

We will continue to make our decisions meeting by meeting, based on the totality of the incoming data and their implications for the outlook for economic activity and inflation, as well as the balance of risks.

rate path: Reinforces data-dependent, meeting-by-meeting approach; no preset path.

Today, we decided to leave our policy interest rate unchanged and to continue to reduce our securities holdings.

rate path: No change in rates as expected; confirms hold.

Evidence of growth persistently above potential, or that tightness in the labor market is no longer easing, could put further progress on inflation at risk and could warrant further tightening of monetary policy.

rate path: Opens door to further hikes if growth or labor tightness persist.

But a few months of good data are only the beginning of what it will take to build confidence that inflation is moving down sustainably toward our goal.

inflation: Downplays recent favorable inflation data; wants more confirmation.

The labor market remains tight, but supply and demand conditions continue to come into better balance.

labour market: Labor market tight but rebalancing; no immediate concern.

We’re not confident yet that we have achieved such a stance.

rate path: Fed signals no imminent pivot; further tightening possible.

persistent changes in broader financial conditions can have implications for the path of monetary policy.

rate path: Conditions matter for rates, but persistence is key.

Official documents

Background reading

Related

26 July 2023 press conference · 1 November 2023 press conference · Earlier meeting · Later meeting · Previous comparison · Next comparison · Methodology

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